robert charles wilson, in his 2005 novel “spin”, asks the question: what if there was a fourth stage of life?
Book description #1
Human cultures generally recognize two or three stages of life—childhood and adulthood; or childhood, adolescence, adulthood. Some reserve special status for old age. But the Martian custom was unique and depended on their centuries-long mastery of biochemistry and genetics. The Martians counted human lives in four installments, marked by biochemically mediated events. Birth to puberty was childhood. Puberty to the end of physical growth and the beginning of metabolic equilibrium was adolescence. Equilibrium to decline, death, or radical change was adulthood.
And beyond adulthood, the elective age: the Fourth.
Centuries ago, Martian biochemists had devised a means to prolong human life by sixty or seventy years on average. But the discovery wasn’t an unmixed blessing. Mars was a radically constrained ecosystem, ruled by the scarcity of water and nitrogen. The cultivated land that had looked so familiar to Ibu Ina was a triumph of subtle, sophisticated bioengineering. Human reproduction had been regulated for centuries, pegged to sustainability estimates. Another seventy years tacked onto the average life span was a population crisis in the making.
Nor was the longevity treatment itself simple or pleasant. It was a deep cellular reconstruction. A cocktail of highly engineered viral and bacterial entities was injected into the body. Tailored viruses performed a sort of systemic update, patching or revising DNA sequences, restoring telomeres, resetting the genetic clock, while lab-grown bacterial phages flushed out toxic metals and plaques and repaired obvious physical damage.
The immune system resisted. The treatment was, at best, equivalent to a six-week course of some debilitating influenza—fevers, joint and muscle pain, weakness. Certain organs went into a kind of repoductive overdrive. Skin cesso died and were replaced in fierce succession; nervous tissue regenerated spontaneously and rapidly.
The process was debilitating, painful, and there were potential negative side effects. Most subjects reported at least some long-term memory loss. Rare cases suffered temporary dementia and nonrecoverable amnesia. The brain, restored and rewired, became a subtly different organ. And its owner became a subtly different human being.
“They conquered death.”
“Not quite.”
“You would think,” Ina said, “with all their wisdom, they could have made it a less unpleasant experience.”
Certainly they could have relieved the superficial discomfort of the transition to Fourth. But they had chosen not to. Martian culture had incorporated the Fourth Age into its folkways, pain and all: pain was one of the limiting conditions, a tutelary discomfort. Not everyone chose to become a Fourth. Not only was the transition difficult, stiff social penalties had been written into their longevity laws. Any Martian citizen was entitlted to undergo the treatment, free of charge and without prejudice. But Fourths were forbidden to reproduce; reproduction was a privilege reserved for adults. (For the last two hundred years the longevity cocktail had included drugs that produced irreversible sterilization in both sexes.) Fourths weren’t allowed to vote in council elections—no one wanted a planet run by venerable ancients for their own benefit. But each of the Five Republics had a sort of judicial review body, the equivalent of a Supreme Court, elected solely by Fourths. Fourths were both more and less than adults, as adults are both more and less than children. More powerful, less playful; freer and less free.
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Book description #2
“What I mean to say, is that as a Fourth I’m more sensitive to certain social and behavioral cues than the majority of unmodified people. I can generally tell when someone’s lying or being disingenuous, at least when we’re face-to-face. Although, against sincere lies I have no defense. I’m not omniscient, I’m not especially wise, and I can’t read minds. The most you might say is that my bullshit detector has been turned up a notch or two. And since any group of Fourths is necessarily under seige—from the police or from criminals, or both—that’s a useful faculty to have. No, I don’t know you well enough to say I full trust you, but I perceive you clearly enough to say that I’m willing to trust you… do you understand?”
Book description #3
“Even if it killed you?” “I didn’t say he’s wise. I’m saying he’s not wicked.” Later I came to recognize this kind of discourse: she was talking like a Fourth. Detached but engaged. Intimate but objective. I didn’t dislike it, but it made the hair on my neck stand up from time to time.